Key Facts: Zika virus Published March 29, 2016 By Capt. Olujimisola Adelani 87th Medical Group JOINT BASE MCGUIRE-DIX-LAKEHURST, N.J. -- In 1947, Zika virus was discovered in Africa. Prior to 2015, this illness was thought to have little-to-no significant clinical implications. However, in October 2015, the Brazilian Ministry of Health released a study documenting a concern about a potential link between the Zika virus in pregnancy and microcephaly, a birth defect that is associated with a small head circumference and can be associated with incomplete brain development, in newborns. The Zika virus is spread to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. It has been found in the Americas, Africa, Oceania and Pacific Islands. Currently, there is very little risk of local transmission to our Joint Base population. However, it is critical to remain aware of the ongoing transmission to ensure proper precautions are taken when travelling to those areas. Signs and Symptoms 1 out of 5 people infected with Zika virus will experience mild flu-like symptoms such as fever, skin rashes, red and inflamed eyes, joint pain, fatigue, or headache. Symptoms generally appear a few days after being infected, and usually resolve within a week. Additionally, Zika virus can be transmitted from a male to his sexual partners. Pregnant women can be infected at any time during pregnancy and pass the virus on to their unborn child. The Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization are currently investigating the potential link between Zika virus and microcephaly. As a precautionary measure, U.S. Southern Command is offering voluntary relocation of pregnant service members and pregnant-eligible family members from Zika-affected areas until delivery. Precautions and Prevention The best way to prevent Zika virus infection is through effective mosquito control and avoidance. Prevent exposure to mosquitoes by wearing long-sleeve shirts and pants and using approved repellents (especially during the daytime). The Air Force Medical Support Agency recommends several Environmental Protection Agency registered insect repellents including those containing DEET (Ultrathion, Ultra 30 Insect Repellant Lotion and Cutter pump spray), or picaridin (Natrapel pump spray). In addition, treat clothes with permethrin, which can be purchased from most outdoor supply stores. Use condoms correctly and consistently during all forms of sexual activity, if your partner has travelled to an area with Zika virus activity. Finally, pregnant women are strongly encouraged to avoid travel to Zika virus infected areas until the effect of Zika virus on pregnancy is properly understood. Treatment There are currently no vaccines or medications to treat Zika virus. Adequate rest and hydration along with over-the-counter pain medications may be beneficial. If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above and have travelled to the areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, consult with your healthcare provider. Additional Information: For additional information, visit the CDC website at http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html or contact the 87th Medical Group Public Health Flight at 87AMDS/SGPM@us.af.mil.